Pheochromocytoma | MRCOGPART 1
Pheochromocytoma 🔬🔥 📚 MH Academy by Dr. Maria Rafi 📞 +923324747587 / +971 58 201 8482 🟢 ETIOLOGY Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults Derived from chromaffin cells (arise from neural crest). May be associated with germline mutations (e.g., NF-1, VHL, RET [ MEN 2A, 2B ]). 🔴 Rule of 10’s: 🔹 10% malignant 🔹 10% bilateral 🔹 10% extra-adrenal (e.g., bladder wall, organ of Zuckerkandl) 🔹 10% calcify 🔹 10% in kids 🟡 SYMPTOMS Most tumors secrete epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine , leading to episodic hypertension . May also secrete EPO → polycythemia . Symptoms occur in "spells" → relapse and remit . 🔺 Episodic hyperadrenergic symptoms (5 P’s): 🔹 Pressure (↑ BP) 🔹 Pain (headache) 🔹 Perspiration 🔹 Palpitations (tachycardia) 🔹 Pallor 📚 MH Academy by Dr. Maria Rafi 📞 +923324747587 🔵 FINDINGS 🔹 ↑ Catecholamines and metanephrines (e.g., homovanillic acid, vanillylmandelic acid) in urine an...